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Colorectal CancerIn the digestive system, the colon is the organ responsible for storing the body's waste. The rectum is the canal connecting the colon and anus. Collectively, these two organs are known as the large intestine. Cancers of the large intestine can be referred to as colon cancer, rectal cancer or colorectal cancer depending on the location of the cancer. The incidence of colorectal cancer depends on the existence of tumors, which are growths that begin on the lining or wall of the large intestine. Not all tumors are cancerous. Non-cancerous, or benign tumors are called polyps. These type of tumors are not life-threatening, and can be treated with a procedure called a colonoscopy. However, if left untreated for a period of time, polyps can transform into cancerous or malignant tumor cells. Malignant tumors are very serious and life-threatening--especially if the cancer has spread to other organs of the body. Colorectal cancer commonly spreads to the liver and the lungs. In such cases, a cancer patients chances for survival are very unlikely. Fortunately, there are procedures available that can help physicians detect cancer early, in addition to several treatments that can help cancer patients return to a normal lifestyle. Also, being aware of risk factors and symptoms can help you stay one step ahead of colorectal cancer, catching it while treatment can still be highly effective. Risk FactorsThere are several risk factors for colorectal cancer:
In contrast to these factors, there are also steps an individual can take to reduce their risk of developing colon cancer. In addition to removing benign polyps and following a high-fiber/low fat diet, individuals can also monitor any genetic change that may lead to colorectal counselor. You may choose to see a genetic counselor to be screened for genetic changes of this kind. Speak with your physician to see of you are a good candidate. Also, studies show that reducing your consumption of aspirin and alcohol as well as the cessation of smoking and an increase in physical activity can reduce your chances of developing colorectal cancer. Early DetectionIf you are at risk for colon cancer or are over the age of 40, early detection methods will be key in your fight against cancer. These tests should be done regardless of whether there are symptoms present. Speak with your physician to find out when you should begin any of the following procedures:
SymptomsSymptoms of colorectal cancer are variable and non-specific. In some cases, it may take years for symptoms to develop depending on where the original tumor is located. Therefore, you should discuss any abnormalities with your physician in addition to discussing early detection methods. The following are symptoms associated with colorectal cancer:
DiagnosisMany of the techniques used for diagnosing colorectal cancer are similar to those used in early detection. Sigmoidoscopy, Colonoscopy and barium enemas may all be used in combination in order to diagnose this type of cancer. Biopsy, which involves the removal of a tissue sample from the colon or rectum can also be performed during a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy. Another procedure used to diagnose colorectal cancer is the polypectomy, which is the removal of polyps during a colonoscopy of sigmoidoscopy. Once cancer has been diagnosed, it is important for your physician to determine the stage to which the cancer has progressed. Determining the stage of cancer is necessary in order to recommend proper treatment. The following is a general outline of the stages associated with colorectal cancer:
TreatmentOnce the stage of cancer has been determined, a physician can recommend treatment. The following are forms of treatment used to fight colorectal cancer. A physician may use these types of treatment in combination depending on the size, location and stage of cancer present.
Depending on the outcome of the staging process, a physician may also recommend additional treatment either before, after or in place of surgery. These types of treatment include:
Follow-upColorectal cancer patients are still at a higher risk for cancer recurrence; therefore, it is necessary to continue examinations proceeding surgery or any other cancer treatment. Cancer recurrence can occur in or around the previously affected areas or in other organs such as the liver and lungs. For proper follow-up a physician may perform one or more of the following procedures:
Patients who have suffered from colon cancer are also at risk for developing cancer in other areas of the body like the prostate, breast and ovary; therefore, these areas should be checked as well. |
BrooklynGI.com with offices in New York City
Brooklyn Queens and Manhattan. Treating patients from New York, New Jersey and
Connecticut. is dedicated to helping patients and physicians receive accurate
and up-to-date information on the Gastrointestinal tract (GI Tract) The organs
that compose the GI tract include, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large
Intestine (Colon), Pancreas and the Liver and Gall Bladder (Hepato-Biliary Tree)
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